Institutional Racism in the
Netherlands
We, as concerned citizens of the
Netherlands, are deeply alarmed by the physical and nonphysical violence
directed at Black people and critical voices in the Netherlands, most recently
displayed in the national public debate about the racist blackface figure
Zwarte Piet (Black Pete).
Black people and non-Black allies
have been protesting against blackface for decades and have been facing
dismissal and marginalization.
This year the backlash against
critical voices, especially Black critical voices, has reached a climax. It is
in this context of unbridled anti-black racism that we are releasing this
statement.
These events are unfolding in 2013,
the year in which we are commemorating the 150th anniversary of the formal
abolition of slavery in the Dutch colonies.
Dutch politicians across political
divides have dismissed critique and protests against the racist caricature of
Zwarte Piet. Racist responses, mainly targeting Black critics, have been
implicitly condoned by Dutch politicians, from the prime minister to the mayor
of Amsterdam.
Prime Minister Mark Rutte stated
“Zwarte Piet: the name says it already. He is black. (…) I cannot do much about
it.”
On 17 October 2013, a public hearing
was held in Amsterdam to consider the formal complaints submitted by twenty one
citizens against the permit the municipality had given to the Sinterklaas
parade in the city of Amsterdam, due to the racist character of Zwarte Piet.
In a public letter communicating his
decision to dismiss the complaints the mayor of Amsterdam Eberhard van der Laan
aligned himself with and reinforced public opinion hostile towards Black and
non-Black people of colour.
In the letter, the mayor downplays
the racist character of Zwarte Piet, stating that the Sinterklaas celebration
in its current form is “(usually) not racist (…) and essentially brings people
together”.
Van der Laan proposes a gradual
change of Zwarte Piet “over the course of 5 to 10 years (…) in order to prevent
young children from being confused by abrupt changes and to avoid hurting the
feelings of many adults who have fond memories of Zwarte Piet.” In addition,
the mayor brands protesting during the Sinterklaas parade as morally
unacceptable.
Both Deputy Prime Minister Lodewijk
Asscher and Minister of Culture Jet Bussemaker praised Mayor Van der Laan’s
letter. Bussemaker further stated this should be the end of political
involvement in the Zwarte Piet debate.
We are, therefore, not surprised
that politicians across political divides have dismissed the findings of the
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) report on the
Netherlands.
The report criticizes the lack of
political attention for ethnic segregation in schools, discrimination in the
labour market, restrictions of the rights of citizens as well as a threatening
climate perpetuated by Dutch mass media and present in political discourse. One
of the conclusions of the report is: “All political parties should take a firm
stand against discourse targeting a group of persons on grounds of their race,
religion, nationality, language or ethnic origin.”
Deputy Prime Minister Asscher
trivialized the findings of ECRI report. By doing so, the deputy prime minister
not only silences critics, but also discredits them. He problematizes
minorities who are at the receiving end of racism by reducing racism to hurt
feelings on their part. Asscher not only glosses over institutionalised racism,
but also fails to acknowledge the effects of the violent political rhetoric on
Black and non-Black people of colour.
The National Ombudsman Alex
Brenninkmeijer, however, publicly subscribed to the findings of the ECRI report
and urged the political establishment in the Netherlands to take the report
seriously. He went on to state that Dutch politics is racist and that racism is
kept off the political agenda.
Racism is a political and electoral
project.
Politicians speak to a White
majority. Across the political spectrum politicians regularly show a blatant
willingness to pander to racial antipathies and mobilize racial animus for
their own electoral benefit.
Politics in the Netherlands is a
politics of distraction. Racism is used to distract people from unpopular neoliberal
policies. These policies has been consistently framed as ‘taking
responsibility’ and ‘making tough decisions’.
Yet, politicians fail to take
responsibility, and effectively confront institutional racism in the
Netherlands, which is well researched and documented.
We, therefore, call upon our
government to take action now.
We are appalled by the
irresponsibility and disregard being displayed by the political establishment
towards concerns and critique voiced by (inter)national institutions such as
the Council of Europe and the Ombudsman, as well as by Black and non-Black
Dutch citizens.
It is important to point out the
role of Dutch media, which have been framing anti-black racism as solely a
problem of the White lower class, who are consistently portrayed as
anti-social. Based on the dominant media narrative, one would be led to believe
that racism belongs to lower class White people.
However, when the political
establishment, mainstream media, and the wider public aggressively attack
minorities for exposing institutional racism, it is not merely a White lower
class problem, nor one of the extreme right. Rather, racism is present
throughout society.
We would like to reiterate that
Zwarte Piet is racism and the protests against Zwarte Piet are not a deviation
from a wider struggle against all forms of oppression. In addition, the
protests against Zwarte Piet are not new. There are and have been countless
others who have inspired this struggle and cleared the path long ago.
Anti-black racism, too, is neither a
new nor a ‘foreign’ phenomenon. The historical record is crystal clear: the
Netherlands was one of the major perpetrators of the transatlantic slave trade.
Yet, dominant Dutch discourse dictates that structural and institutionalised
racism is a US American problem. Despite
this exceptionalist attitude, the cultural history and social attitudes towards
race and ethnicity in the Netherlands are akin to those of other Western
colonial powers.
The blackface figure Zwarte Piet is
part of a long cultural tradition of anti-black, darkie iconography in the
West.
We cannot diminish the gravity of
Zwarte Piet, given its overwhelming presence in the lifeworld of Dutch
children. The figure is ubiquitous. It is embedded in school curricula,
mainstream media and children’s television programmes, and is massively
commercialised. The racist caricature of Zwarte Piet inculcates racism in the
minds of children.
Zwarte Piet is on par with other
forms of dehumanization through racialization, such as racial profiling, racism
in the labour market, and the violence inherent in Dutch asylum policy. Our
protest against Zwarte Piet is situated in a broader ongoing decolonial
anti-racist project.
We are not in support of an
adaptation of the racist caricature known as Zwarte Piet. We are calling for a
complete removal of the racist caricature from the public sphere. Our goal is
to fight racial stereotyping, not to rescue or rehabilitate racist imagery.
As such, we challenge the Dutch
political tradition of consensus (the Polder Model) that is rooted in a
principled belief in compromise for resolving all matters, which effectively
favours the decisions made by the white majority.
In the political debate and in the
current instalment of the Zwarte Piet discussion, we are framed as the Other,
de facto non-citizens, and are expected to remain in the roles assigned to us.
This marginalization and silencing of critical voices stifles the public debate
and occurs within an environment in which social injustices grow steadily.
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| Van de blogspot tekenenenzo |
We, as Black and non-Black people of
colour, position ourselves expressly as citizens, since our right to engage
meaningfully in political life is conditional upon our willingness to submit to
the perspective of the dominant white majority. True criticism and ownership is
implicitly and explicitly denied to us, when our voices are systematically
silenced, ridiculed and erased.
We are Dutch academics, activists,
Black feminists, parents and queers of colour. We engage in political work
within our own networks and in coalition with other progressive groups and
movements. We believe that it is important to talk back and talk with, despite
the far-reaching consequences of dissent in a culture built on White hegemony.
We, the authors of this public
statement, show solidarity and support to all who are protesting against the
racist blackface figure of Zwarte Piet. We reiterate that this protest cannot
be separated from the struggles against global White supremacy, sexism,
homophobia, transphobia, neoliberalism, ableism and all other forms of
oppression.
We urge each and every one who
subscribes to this statement to show solidarity by signing and sharing it.
Chandra Frank
Egbert Alejandro Martina
Zihni Özdil
Patricia Schor
Hodan
Warsame
[Wie het statement wil ondertekenen, kan naar
deze site gaan.]